ABSTRACT The small form-factor satellites, CubeSats and SmallSats, have increased in popularity and capability, but advanced thermal solutions are required to keep up with the increasing heat loads. Loop heat pipes (LHPs) are a passive solution capable of transporting heat from electronics to deployable radiator panels. However, due to their complicated structure, LHPs require … [Read more...]
Thermocouples Basics Part 2: How They Are Made and Its Measurement System
Continuing from part 1, and the advantages of thermocouples, we will now visit the process to make a thermocouple and its measurement system. The way thermocouples are made is very simple. We have a thermocouple welder, shown in Figure 1, as a small machine. The ends of the two wires are twisted to digital wires together, and then each set of wires touches to the point where … [Read more...]
Is That Normal?
Introduction These columns on statistics began by describing the field of statistics as using the mathematical laws of probability to deal with data uncertainty [1]. Many statistical tools developed to apply probability do assume that data are drawn from a normally distributed population, in which the probability distribution function, f(x), of a population follows Equation … [Read more...]
Oscillating Heat Pipe Thermal Performance and Stability Limits
A heat pipe is a closed system that contains a saturated fluid. When heat is dissipated in one region of the heat pipe, liquid in that area boils or evaporates, which produces vapor that moves to another area in the heat pipe where it condenses. The condensed liquid then returns to its starting point to transport energy from the heat input region(s) to the heat output … [Read more...]
Statistics Corner: Probability
Statistical analysis is needed because data always have some degree of uncertainty; a value that we determine from a single measurement, or even set of measurements, is not necessarily going to tell us exactly what value we will determine with additional measurements. Statistical analysis uses the mathematics of probability to create tools that we can use to deal with … [Read more...]
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