The naphthalene sublimation technique has been demonstrated by a number of investigators to be an excellent method for obtaining heat transfer results [1,2] and a few have applied this technique to applications focused on electronic cooling [3-6]. These investigators have found that the mass transfer process can be set up with cleaner boundary conditions and can be studied more … [Read more...]
The Role of Natural Graphite in Electronics Cooling
Graphite is available as a variety of different material forms, the most useful in the electronics cooling market being pyrolytic graphite, graphite fiber reinforced carbon and polymer matrix composites, graphite foams and, the subject of this brief, natural graphite. The basic structure of graphite is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Structure of graphite crystal. The … [Read more...]
The Challenge of Operating Computers at Ultra-low Temperatures
Although the potential for low temperature enhancement of CMOS circuit performance has been recognized for some time, circuit scaling (proportionally reducing the size of the circuit) has been the preferred method of achieving higher performance. But as minimum feature size passed well into the sub-micron and now into the nanometer region, this route to higher performance has … [Read more...]
The Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Plastics
The easiest way to tailor thermal conductivity of plastics is to incorporate some highly thermal conductive filler material into the plastic molding compound. Here the filler particles act as heat carriers in the thermally isolating media. Roughly, if more filler is used, then higher thermal conductivity is achieved. Phenomena related to manufacturability and strength often … [Read more...]
Simplified Formula for Estimating Natural Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient on a Flat Plate
Although most of the emphasis today in the electronics cooling community is devoted to extending forced convection cooling capability, many applications still depend upon natural convection cooling. Basically, natural convection cooling combined with radiation is what results when a fan is not used in the cooling design to move air. Instead, movement of the air is induced by … [Read more...]
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