As complexity increases and dies and packages become even larger, temperature gradients also increase, leading to problems with thermal mismatch. Hence, thermomechanical analysis grows in importance. Apart from the temperature differences, the most important parameter describing thermally induced stress is the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE, or °), expressed in units of … [Read more...]
One-dimensional heat flow
The simplest heat flow situation is that described as “one-dimensional heat flow”. The Figure illustrates a one-dimensional heat flow situation. It shows heat flowing in one face of an object and out the opposite face. Each face is at a uniform temperature. There is no heat flow out of the sides of the object. The cross- sectional area of the object in the direction of heat … [Read more...]
Highly emissive ion beam textured surfaces for improved cooling of electronic devices
Continuous improvements in the cooling of electronic systems will berequired to keep pace with the rapid development of higher power chips.Currently, effective cooling relies (in part) on high surface area heatexchangers. Further improvements could be realized by increasing thesurface area of these devices. However, increasing the size of heatexchanger components is not a … [Read more...]
Standardizing heat sink characterization for forced convection
Figure 1. Wind tunnel configuration Introduction While there has been a flurry of activity inliterature addressing the behavior of heat sinks in computer electronics,the reusability of the data presented in these papers has been somewhatlimited for two reasons: 1) The data presented is application specific. 2) There has never been a standard method for characterizing … [Read more...]
Packaging: designing for thermal performance
Figure 1. Various leadframe and BGA packages Introduction The well-established trend within the electronics industry to provide everincreasing computing power at less cost seems to defy the laws of economics.However, this industry has not been able to suspend the laws of physics. Eachcalculation by each of the millions of transistors in the modern personalcomputer is … [Read more...]
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