Introduction Numerous reports over the past ten years or so have described the potential for nanofluids (suspensions of nanoparticles in liquids) to be applied as heat transfer fluids, because of the enhanced thermal conductivity and convective heat transfer characteristics that have generally been observed. A number of review articles have been published on nanofluids [1 � 8], … [Read more...]
Power Map Calculations Using Image Sources and Superposition
Introduction In the past, thermal engineers were content to calculate a single junction temperature in the thermal characterization of an integrated circuit chip in a package. In recent years, as power levels have increased, more attention has been paid to the calculation of local temperature variations on a chip. This is necessary to adequately account for high-heat-flux … [Read more...]
Liquid Cooling for Datacom Equipment Centers
Introduction The increasing heat load densities in datacom equipment centers require ever more sophisticated approaches to cooling. Air-cooled systems are now struggling to provide the needed level of thermal performance for many installations and energy efficiency is an increasing concern. In fact, the standard implementation of air-cooled designs results in cooling energy … [Read more...]
Simplified Correlations For Radiation Heat Transfer Rate In Plate-Fin Heat Sinks
Radiation heat transfer can be a significant portion of total heat transfer from a heat sink, particularly in natural convection flows. The enclosures for most natural-convection-cooled indoor and outdoor electronic equipments, such as pole or wall-mount base stations and radio units, include external fins to improve natural convection and radiation heat transfer rates. Early … [Read more...]
Thermal Optimization And Design For Manufacturability Of Liquid-Air Hybrid Cooling Systems
Introduction Existing technologies typically utilize air to carry the heat away from a heat sink that is thermally coupled to the microprocessor. Higher performance devices such as workstations, "gaming" PCs, or tower servers that utilize components with greater power dissipation can require more aggressive cooling technology. A high-performance alternative to heat sinks is a … [Read more...]
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