Introduction Increased performance in electronic systems along with higher packaging densities have made temperature a critical parameter. Measurements of temperature, velocity and heat transfer in electronic systems are challenging due to complex materials, configurations, and non-isothermal flows. Earlier articles have considered different aspects of thermal measurements. … [Read more...]
Conduction heat transfer in a printed circuit board
In this issue, we examine heat flow in a printed circuit board (PCB), which typically is a layered composite consisting of copper foil and a glass-reinforced polymer (FR-4). A cross-sectional view of such a laminated structure is illustrated in Figure 1. The Figure indicates the numbering system that will be used for indicating the different layers, numbered 1 through to … [Read more...]
Forced convection cooling inside an electronics enclosure
Introduction One of the more complex thermal problems in electronics is the modeling of complete systems, such as an enclosure containing electronic components. A typical example would be a power supply, including heat sinks and a cooling fan. This problem becomes more difficult when there are multiple heat sinks and other large components arranged in an arbitrary manner inside … [Read more...]
Interaction of the system and module-level thermal phenomena- a flip-chip/BGA example
Fig. 1: Levels in a computer environment. Introduction Increasing demands for higher performance in microprocessors have a direct effect on chip power and heat generation. Increased function and miniaturization of the packages result in thermal challenges that require a thorough understanding of the system's thermal performance under all possible field conditions. Regardless … [Read more...]
Pressure drop coefficients for thin perforated plates
Almost everyone working on pressure drop coefficients of perforated plates encounters the work of I.E. Idelchick {1}. A plethora of graphs or equations - some of which are impossible to evaluate quickly - must then be addressed. To simplify this issue for the reader, this month's Technical Data page has been designed to provide an overview of this information. When focusing on … [Read more...]
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